I'm fairly sure that the list of enemies at the bottom of page 3 is complete, but I'm having trouble tracking down some of their "official" names.
#1: "Construct" in the game files.
#2: "Crawler" in the game files, though the name doesn't make much sense.
#3: "Flesher" in the game files, though the name is overused.
#4: "Mindcoral Puppet 2" or just "Puppet 2" in the game files, but the in-game name "Proxy" is better.
#5: "Mindcoral Puppet 1" or just "Puppet 1" in the game files. "Proxy" is better, but if #4 already has that name, "Akers" might be best - assuming this is Akers.
#6: "Robothead" in the game files.
#7: "Leviathan" in the game files.
#8: This is the hardest one. I think it looks like a "Fangtooth" (also, fangtooths are deep-sea fish and swim in schools), but the only fish listed in the game files are the following: anglerfish, blue runner, rainbow wrasse, ratfish, sarcastic fringehead, sardine, sea wolf (wolffish), viperfish, wreckfish, and three different types of
WAU fish.
#9: "Anglerfish" in the game files.
#10: "Deep Sea Diver" in the game files, though I'm partial to the (possibly in-game) name "Yoshida". I like Science Bird's explanation in the previous post.
Incidentally, the SOMA wiki calls many different enemies "proxies", which strikes me as unhelpful.