[SPOILER] Who’s who? Penumbra narrative puzzle

[Nycticorax]

That’s not by chance that Penumbra: Overture was nominated in 2008 for the best game scenario by the Writer’s Guild of Great Britain. It largely deserves it. The way the game pushes the player further in the dark is mostly successful because of its capacity to vividly arouse the desire of knowing-more-despite-that-creeping-thing-lurking-in-the-shadow. But still, as frenetic if not hysterical players, we can never be satisfied, regardless of how good the story is or how bafflingly the game ends. I am no exception, and since I got the serie two weeks ago and have just finished it, having no more puzzle to solve, let me try to grasp what I take to be the best puzzle of Penumbra ever, that is, the story of Penumbra. Here I am mostly concerned by Requiem, since the episode is obviously the bottom line of the serie, and since it presents the player with a quite challenging conundrum.

This short discussion is obviously NOT meant for players who have not yet completed the game and will largely spoil as much it is possible to spoil on this topic. After briefly rehearsing some voluntarily sparse but relevant chronological facts to bear in mind for those who haven’t played the game for a while, I will tackle the issue of how to understand some basic possible facts in the game. Although I survey all possibilities I take to constitute a narrative puzzle, I don’t say much about other itches or scratches affecting minor points in the continuity, which will have to be addressed elsewhere. Furthermore I don’t claim to give a conclusive answer, but only to limit the range of possible answers for the sake of logic and internal (fictional) consistency.

For maximal consistency with the game, I shall assume there’s no flaw, be it in the design or in the storyline such as it is narrated and participated. If this assumption turns out to be wrong, let’s assume that my discussion bears on how the game could be interpreted had the developer(s) and/or writer(s) decided not to correct those flaws. For maximal explanatory power, I shall try not to rule out apparently strange hypotheses (in fiction, common sense and science are not sufficient for excluding logical possibilities), even if cannot guarantee that at some point a plausible possibility has never the less been excluded. Of course, I thank you in advance for pointing mistakes I could have made or hints I could have overlooked. It’s only through collaboration that Truth can be reached, if It can, or said to be out of range as I shall conclude. So let’s go.

Spoiler below!

Overture-- see post 10 below for complement.

- Philipp sends you an email asking for your help
- Player embodies Philip in a flashback journey seeking his father Howard trough the mine
- Philip benefits the help of Red, a survivor infected by the Tuurngait virus but having made his way through the mine and sealed himself off at a lower level
- Having found Red’s hangout, Philip is begged to put an end to Red’s suffering and is forced to obey in order to get out the mine; Philip obviously feels grief and remorse for his deed
- The game ends with Philip knocked to unconsciousness

Black Plague

- Philip warns the Player against « making the same mistake he did »
- Player still embodies Philipp in a flashback journey through the Shelter, seeking his father Howard
- Upon infection by the Tuungait virus Philipp develops a split personality of a strange kind: Clarence, the self-christened mental entity growing in Philipp’s mind, has an asymetrical access both to Philip’s knowledge (he sometimes claims to have deleted concepts or practical cognitive technique, like the Mendeleiev’s periodical table of elements, or like maths) and perceptual contents (which will make Clarence able to manipulate Philipp’s vision in the famous encounter with Anabel Swanson, a lone Archaic survivor searching for a antidote to the Tuungait)
- Having found out a way of expelling Clarence into a body of its own, Philip gets help from creatures under control by the Tuurngait central psychic intelligence, which destroy Clarence’s incarnation and presumably Clarence itself
- The game ends with Philipp writing an email to the Player (the very email the Player got at the beginning of both Overture and Black Plague), but instead of asking him to keep the Shelter (and presumably the tomb from which the Tuurngait resides) hidden from human presence as promised to the Tuurgait, Philip laconically gives the coordinates of the Shelter and begs the Player to « kill them all »

Requiem

Here the discussion starts. As I am mainly concerned with Requiem, let me directly make a few preliminary points.

a. Although the Player shares Philip’s memories (many times one recognizes places or people, like Red, whose killing one once again regrets), it’s no longer obvious that the Player can be identified with Philip through a flashback. At the beginning of Requiem Philip is once more knocked down (if not killed for good) by a Tuungait controlled creature (think of the typical groaning you hear). Indeed Philip has admittedly lied to the Tuungait intelligence (« But I am no monkey…The Tuungait was right… I am entirely unlike it: I had more in common with Clarence…I promised I would send this email to you. I promised I would ask that you keep all humans from this place - for the sake of the Tuungait, and for the human race. I lied. ») and presumably the Tuungait notices that and has a motive for revenge. At any rate, one’s construal of Requiem heavily rests on one’s way of taking over this indeterminacy.

b. Another indeterminacy concerns the world constituting Requiem. Although some levels resemble very minutely what could be the machinery underlying the Shelter, that is, the place you are supposed to be investigating as the addressee of Philip’s email) most are rather idiosyncratically (that’s is, unrealistically) designed, the peak being for me when you have to climb ladders from a platform to another while at the same time minding the burning barrels rolling down out of nowhere. Moreover, any level I can think of is provided with the same circle marked pressure pads as in the « Tuungait dimension » (Black Plague). And finally it happens at some places (I can remember of the last level, where you can fall from the shuttle hanging across the excavation to the last room) that instead of dying you are just « teleported » at the last point (just as the blue electronically sphere touching a blue laser). With the portals waiting at each level end, such facts are not easily reconciled with the idea that you are just exploring a place of the same kind you were previously exploring. This suggests that in Requiem you could be in a non-mental independent world, that is, a kind of dream.

c. Concerning the endings, few players have noticed that the boat’s cabin at the (one) end of Requiem is not the same as the cabin at the beginning of Overture (the picture above the bedside table is not a drawing of fishes but a photograph of the cabin, as in Philip psychic struggle with Clarence in Black Plague where Philip and Clarence consciousnesses intermittently overlap, resulting a mingled world party shaped by Philipp, party by Clarence). This means the cabin could be virtual. Furthermore, Red (or Red-memory) paradoxically remarks about the furnace he’s stuck into, « But the chamber, like the banquet, is of the mind, and the only way out of it is within it… Would you return from where you’re from? For Red, the answer is no… Better to have a story and end it, than never realize it has begun. » So the Red or Red-memory suggests that either the Player will kind of reset the whole adventure, that is, forget about everything, or kind get psychical elevation. But given what I’ve just said, showing mercy to Red or Red-memory at the end of Requiem can’t be a proper reset in the sense of forgetting everything; it must be some further place in someone’s mind. So apparently the deal is no fair deal. You can live in a dream (virtual boat), or you can die in reality, for if you choose the furnace, you burn with Red and definitely die, but you can't have it both ways. Furthermore, if you have collected the nine artifacts, you gets another message from Philip claiming to have got rid of society’s bounds and chosen no to follow his father’s path. He even proclaims that he was able to lead astray not only the Player, but many others. So how to account for this fact?

The narrative puzzle

Keeping this in mind and focusing on the possibilities as far as Philipp and The Player are concerned in Requiem, let’s formulate the possibilities underpinning our puzzle the most general way:

1. Philip is dead since the beginning of Requiem
or
2. Philip is not dead at the beginning of Requiem, but only unconscious
and
i . The Player can be identified with Philip throughout Requiem
or
ii. The Player cannot be identified with Philip throughout Requiem

On one hand 1 et 2 are incompatible, and so are i and ii. On the other hand, is 1 or 2 incompatible with i or ii respectively? What are the (fictionally) trues ones? If you dare know, take a deep breath and let’s go.

Trying out hypotheses

1-i. If Philip’s dead, then the Player cannot be identified with Philip unless Requiem is in fact a flashback, like the previous episodes, or some kind of Otherworld beyond (fictional) reality where the Player is in fact Philip’s soul, or akin to some etherical counterpart of it. But if it’s a flashback, it means that the story would unfold before the beginning of Requiem, in the prologue of which Philip is knocked down. But it cannot unfold before the end of Overture or Black Plague since it would absurdly entail that Philip has memory of the future (think of Red being recognized from Overture and the several memories he has about Clarence from Black Plague). Moreover, it cannot unfold between Black Plague and the beginning of Requiem, because if it does, then the fact you die in the previous episodes would make it impossible that you wrote any email (recall that under the conjunction of hypotheses we are assessing, you are supposed to be Philip). So I take the flashback hypothesis to be ruled out. Could Requiem be some kind of Otherworld, where the Philip-Player has to find a way to redemption? Well, that would square nicely with the title but since Requiem can end with the death of the Philip-Player (if you kill the otherworldly-Red) this hypothesis would entail that you can die twice, the first time because of the creature at the beginning of Requiem and the second one because of the Tuungait punishing your mercilessness despite your bold efforts throughout the Otherworld. If I am correct, that would mean an etherical counterpart of someone’s soul could « die ». Quite odd, even though not logically impossible. And that would leave the last email (bonus epilogue for nine artifacts) unexplainable (see point 2-i for two bad objections).

1-ii. Suppose Philip is dead since the beginning of Requiem (just after having sent the Overture, Penumbra and Requiem email) and suppose the Player cannot be identified with neither Philip, nor a etherical counterpart of his soul. Then since the Player has access to Philip’s memories of the previous game throughout Requiem it entails that, whoever the Player is supposed to be, Philip’s memories have become part of an independent entity. But the only type of creature I can think of in this game is some Tuungait minion have been « uploaded » with Philip memories. But that seems at odds with some obvious fact, for instance the fact that you receive the bonus email whose author seems to be Philip (hence the « my » father). But then the author can’t be Philip. But since the author also shares some Philip’s memories, I’d say both are Tuungait minions, one pretending to be Philip, the other believing to follow Philip’s footsteps. But it turns full circle for the Tuungait then.

So far, the two first hypotheses seem quite unlikely, if not excluded. Then the question is Since Philip is alive, is he the Player or not at the end? To put some constraint on the possible answers, let’s consider the conjunction of 2 with i and ii.

2-i. Suppose Philip is not dead and the Player is Philip. To accept both assumptions would make hard to explain the bonus email you read after having died in the furnace. Whoever has written this email knows what Philip knows. It can be the Tuungait intelligence pretending to be Philip (hence the reference to Howard, « my » father) because it maybe has assimilated Philip’s memory thanks to Clarence or else. Or maybe the email was written by Philip. But that means to himself. How could one’s read one’s email after death? It couldn’t to be replied that you went back in time, since it is not only physically but, conversely to teleportation, logically impossible (indeed it creates an unwelcome paradox: if person A at time 1 travels back to time 0 and dies between t0 and t1, then A could not travel back from t1 after all). The problem grows if we step back, taking a look to the whole story. If Philip is not dead at this point and you are he, that means he didn’t die before unless he was resurrected. But notice first that not even the Tuungait seems to be able to resurrect anybody in the game as long as the game obviously takes places in a obviously real place (see point b above for the sense of « real » and point c thereafter), and secondly that it would not account for the fact that Philip you were supposed to be in Black Plague’s flashback is lying in front of the computer.

2-ii. The only remainder is Philip not being dead and the Player not being Philip. But recall the Player has (some) Philip memories. The only fictionally consistent way I can think of the situation is the Tuungait uploading the memories fetched by Clarence (or « slipped » during the test at the end of Black Plague). But then the Player is an agent of the Tuungait, just as in 1-ii, since having another’s memory is part of being infected. But then how would Philip send an Tuungait agent an email if Philip proclaims he’s got rid of the Tuungait influence?

Conclusion

So on the whole I must conclude that no possibly solution is especially attractive. Of course the conundrum will vanish if you make small ad hoc adjustments, claiming for instance that the bonus email is no proper part of the story, or that Philip has been resurrected. What would be interesting in that case would be to find a way out with minimal corrections and consistency in the respect of logic and fictional assumptions. The more elegant way is left for discussion. But even if the narrative puzzle has no non-illogical or fictionally consistent solution, it doesn’t impinge on the overall interest of the game; on the contrary the very fact it makes you think of it is immensely valuable. After all, like the bonus email itself says at the end, « No matter what you may think, it’s always better to think ».

[Mr. X]

Woah that was one hell of a text! I had to read it 10 times to remember what you wrote lol
I thought that in the ending of requiem where you enter the door, Phillip is back in the cabin on the boat and dreamt everything that has happened in all the games? Or was he like, teleported back there by the Tuurngait? For the other Red ending, i have no theories more than that Phillip dies and is never coming back :3

[Nycticorax]

Woah that was one hell of a text! I had to read it 10 times to remember what you wrote lol

I hope you won't blame me for that..

I thought that in the ending of requiem where you enter the door, Phillip is back in the cabin on the boat and dreamt everything that has happened in all the games?

It can't be since as I've noticed in c., the picture is not the same so it can't be the same cabin.

Or was he like, teleported back there by the Tuurngait?

No, because of the last remark. The best way of accounting for it is that it's a dream, or some altered reality.

For the other Red ending, i have no theories more than that Phillip dies and is never coming back :3

Well, as I've noticed, this interpretation is only consistent with hypotheses 2-i and 2-ii. But I think I've shown such hypotheses cannot account for some facts, namely the bonus email and the autonomy of the Tuungait.

[nofsky]

Very interesting post. There's a lot of stuff there that I never noticed or thought much about.

I always assumed it was something like option 1-i, but perhaps that it was the Tuurngait hivemind putting him through these tests in his mind, but your explanation of him going through his redemption seems more likely. Even though some things make no sense with this scenario I think it seems to be the best bet.

If you really want to know perhaps you could send an email to the writer, Tom Jubert and see if he wants to clarify things for you. Although the devs seems to have a policy of not answering questions about the game's plot, it might be worth a try.

[Nycticorax]

Very interesting post. There's a lot of stuff there that I never noticed or thought much about.

I always assumed it was something like option 1-i, but perhaps that it was the Tuurngait hivemind putting him through these tests in his mind, but your explanation of him going through his redemption seems more likely. Even though some things make no sense with this scenario I think it seems to be the best bet.

If you really want to know perhaps you could send an email to the writer, Tom Jubert and see if he wants to clarify things for you. Although the devs seems to have a policy of not answering questions about the game's plot, it might be worth a try.

Thanks for you word, nofsky. I am not too confident about my findings and conclusions, but you're definitely right: I'll try to get some answers from him, if I can draw his attention to this post.

---

If you really want to know perhaps you could send an email to the writer, Tom Jubert and see if he wants to clarify things for you. Although the devs seems to have a policy of not answering questions about the game's plot, it might be worth a try.

I've just sent it. Here it is if you're curious. I wonder whether he will answer.

Spoiler below!

Dear Mr Jubert,

As I argue in a post on Fictional Games forum, following in that many critiques, the standing ovation for the Penumbra serie derives for the most part from your excellent scenario. Indeed it has appeared to many Penumbra players that the game, however good it can claim to be, would not have been so immersive, and by the same token would not have provided the player with so a rich experience without you on board.

Never the less, as you may well be aware, gallons of ink have also been spilled on the storyline (mostly on the ending(s)) since the release of the game. For if your scenario is excellent the salient aspects both of the narrative and the playing obviously don't exhaust the story – even in conjunction with the most acute imagination. In fact as I have dared write on the post in question, maybe with possible lack of creative imagination and rigour regarding some details of the game, it seems to me that the reason no one has ever, as far as I know, been successful at resolving what I take to be a genuine narrative puzzle is that it can't possibly be solved.

That is, to put it otherwise, for both endings (in Requiem) and main events in the game to be accounted for one has either to make some very implausible assumptions, or to commit oneself to painful contradictions on behalf both of logics and fictional consistency. Or so I have tried to show.

Be it as it seems, I and other players would be extremely grateful if you could show us which piece(s) of the puzzle is (are) responsible for this conclusion. Of course as an artist you will be unwilling to show your full hand. But what about putting a card or two on the table either via email, or directly in the post I am referring to?

Thankfully yours and looking forward to getting a hand of your future projets,

Nycticorax

[Black Rabbit]

my theory was (right after the game ended) that red was philip and that he became red after black plague or something...like a paradox? maybe red is a tuurngait lust like clarence and was there to punish those who trick that entity? so he entered philip as well and so that they don't do the same mistake and keep their existence hidden this time they also try to burn the character from requiem with philip who was by then consumed by red who was actually a tuurngait? remember when clarence wanted the philip to die so that he could return to the greater entity? and that red said release me from this "mortal coil" maybe he was also a tuurngait trapped in a miner...plus his voice was weird...just like that doctor who needs a saw in black plague...you know the infected ones talk funny and fast

[Nycticorax]

my theory was (right after the game ended) that red was philip and that he became red after black plague or something...like a paradox?

If by 'paradox' you mean logical impossibility, then you yourself see that this idea is not really worth pursuing.

maybe red is a tuurngait lust like clarence and was there to punish those who trick that entity? so he entered philip as well and so that they don't do the same mistake and keep their existence hidden this time they also try to burn the character from requiem with philip who was by then consumed by red who was actually a tuurngait? remember when clarence wanted the philip to die so that he could return to the greater entity? and that red said release me from this "mortal coil" maybe he was also a tuurngait trapped in a miner...plus his voice was weird...just like that doctor who needs a saw in black plague...you know the infected ones talk funny and fast

I agree that Red seems to be infected. But what makes you think that it follows either that he is, or that he 'entered' Philip? Until the Player meets him in his hangout, Red is only a voice on the radio. And most evidence seem to suggest that Red, conversely to Clarence, is not a proper consciousness parasitic on some host's: that he shows deep concern about the Player's well-being is a feature of the empathy only a genuine person could show. To deny this would be to imply that Red is not a person but a Tuungait minion (like when we incidentally transfer Clarence into autonomous body). But how to account for the fact that he wants to help? You cannot reply that Red-as-a-proper-creature has retained some empathetic psychological features of it's former host, since were it the case, nothing would explain the aggressive behaviour of Clarence-as-a-proper-creature.

Have you played Requiem?

[Black Rabbit]

my theory was (right after the game ended) that red was philip and that he became red after black plague or something...like a paradox?

If by 'paradox' you mean logical impossibility, then you yourself see that this idea is not really worth pursuing.

maybe red is a tuurngait lust like clarence and was there to punish those who trick that entity? so he entered philip as well and so that they don't do the same mistake and keep their existence hidden this time they also try to burn the character from requiem with philip who was by then consumed by red who was actually a tuurngait? remember when clarence wanted the philip to die so that he could return to the greater entity? and that red said release me from this "mortal coil" maybe he was also a tuurngait trapped in a miner...plus his voice was weird...just like that doctor who needs a saw in black plague...you know the infected ones talk funny and fast

I agree that Red seems to be infected. But what makes you think that it follows either that he is, or that he 'entered' Philip? Until the Player meets him in his hangout, Red is only a voice on the radio. And most evidence seem to suggest that Red, conversely to Clarence, is not a proper consciousness parasitic on some host's: that he shows deep concern about the Player's well-being is a feature of the empathy only a genuine person could show. To deny this would be to imply that Red is not a person but a Tuungait minion (like when we incidentally transfer Clarence into autonomous body). But how to account for the fact that he wants to help? You cannot reply that Red-as-a-proper-creature has retained some empathetic psychological features of it's former host, since were it the case, nothing would explain the aggressive behaviour of Clarence-as-a-proper-creature.

Have you played Requiem?

well my theory is that red wanted to help in order to die..."they will nto let me die you see ...it's against the rules" so they had control over him "parts of my mind are not my own" and I thought that the entity that would not allow red to die entered philip after tuurngait found out he betrayed them (they probably found out because he got already infected once and his mind was open to them because the ordeals in the end of black plague take place in his own mind?) so they sent the entity that actually made Redwood to "Red" and made him enter the furnace himself this time asking from the new guy who went there to destroy them to join him...it's kinda strange logic but it is possible

---

and I have played it xD

[Nycticorax]

well my theory is that red wanted to help in order to die..."they will nto let me die you see ...it's against the rules" so they had control over him "parts of my mind are not my own" and I thought that the entity that would not allow red to die entered philip after tuurngait found out he betrayed them (they probably found out because he got already infected once and his mind was open to them because the ordeals in the end of black plague take place in his own mind?) so they sent the entity that actually made Redwood to "Red" and made him enter the furnace himself this time asking from the new guy who went there to destroy them to join him...it's kinda strange logic but it is possible
and I have played it xD

Tell me if I have understood correctly you theory:
1) The Tuungait has control over parts of Red's mind, but not over his entire mind, since
2) Red has enough 'will' to have someone halt his suffering, and for that very reason leads Philip to his quarter;
3) All since the beginning of Requiem Philip has been under the control from the Tuungait because the Tuungait seeks revenge both for Philip's treacherous email and to terminate Red, slipping out of its mind-control.
Am I correct this far? And could you clarify your last point

4) so they sent the entity that actually made Redwood to "Red" and made him enter the furnace himself this time asking from the new guy who went there to destroy them to join him...it's kinda strange logic but it is possible

which I cannot deal with, not because of logic but of grammar...

[Black Rabbit]

well my theory is that red wanted to help in order to die..."they will nto let me die you see ...it's against the rules" so they had control over him "parts of my mind are not my own" and I thought that the entity that would not allow red to die entered philip after tuurngait found out he betrayed them (they probably found out because he got already infected once and his mind was open to them because the ordeals in the end of black plague take place in his own mind?) so they sent the entity that actually made Redwood to "Red" and made him enter the furnace himself this time asking from the new guy who went there to destroy them to join him...it's kinda strange logic but it is possible
and I have played it xD

Tell me if I have understood correctly you theory:
1) The Tuungait has control over parts of Red's mind, but not over his entire mind, since
2) Red has enough 'will' to have someone halt his suffering, and for that very reason leads Philip to his quarter;
3) All since the beginning of Requiem Philip has been under the control from the Tuungait because the Tuungait seeks revenge both for Philip's treacherous email and to terminate Red, slipping out of its mind-control.
Am I correct this far? And could you clarify your last point

4) so they sent the entity that actually made Redwood to "Red" and made him enter the furnace himself this time asking from the new guy who went there to destroy them to join him...it's kinda strange logic but it is possible

which I cannot deal with, not because of logic but of grammar...

ok here goes:

overture
1. Philip enters the mines and with Red's help reaches him
2.Red states that parts of his mind are not his own and that they won't let him die (Perhaps he wanted to warn the people outside so the tuurngait imprisoned him? perhaps they asked him the same thing they asked philip in Black Plague and he refused therefore they decided to torture him so they took control?)
3.Philip burns red

Black Plague

1.Philip becomes "infected" by Clarence.Even though Clarence wants to be a single entity because he likes it he is still a tuurngait so we can assume that Philips mind is still open to the tuurngait presence even after he got rid of Clarence.
2. the fact that Philip can easily be controlled by tuurngait after CLarence's appearance can be confirmed since the tuurgait entity itself tests him in his own mind
3.Tuurngait ask him to keep their secret safe.He agrees but in the mail in the end he states that he lied.maybe a tuurngait entity was inside him at that time and knew his true intentions

Requiem
1.The main character is NOT Philip but the character who got the mail
2.the new main character reaches the very same furnace Redwood (Red) was
3.I think that maybe Red was a nickname that was made up by the tuurngait entity that took over Redwood's mind just like CLarence decided for his own name
4.Since Tuurngait entities can alter their voice (just like it happened with the professor who needed the saw in black plague) I think that Philip is the furnace taken over by Red(the tuurngait , not Redwood the human) and this time he asks the new person who descended there to join him because maybe the tuurngait would not take another risk as to ask someone to keep their secret. they probably gave up on humanity's sincerity and decided to take them all down silencing them forever

The reason I think that in Requiem the Main character is a different one is because of the ending e-mail of Black plague. since he asked someone else to destroy them why would he do it himself then?